Saturday, 8 December 2018

Spanish Influenza - Hamilton Ontario 1918 Part 24


“Yesterday was as bad a day in the epidemic as any that have yet occurred. The ambulances were employed till three o’clock this morning carrying patients to the hospitals and physicians and nurses are working night and day.”

Hamilton Spectator.     November 27, 1918.

While the number of new influenza cases reported to the Hamilton Board of Health was down to 46, a sharp decrease, it was an indication that the city’s physicians were too busy to fill out and send the proper forms.

According to C.W. Kirkpatrick, director of publicity for the board of health and medical society, referring to extremely busy physicians :

 “They make out the reports in a bunch when they have a few hours to spare.”

The epidemic of Spanish influenza was rampant, again, throughout  Hamilton as the month of November 1918 was nearly over. Seven more deaths as a result of the disease were reported on November 27, 1918, bringing the total of that number of fatalities as a result of the disease to 336.

There was some positive news as regards the response to advertisements placed by the Board of Health in out-of-town newspaper calling for nurses to come to Hamilton :

“Seven nurses from Toronto arrived in the city this morning and were taken to the nurses’ home on the mountain

“Due to the arrival of this aid, it has been possible for the hospital board to open 25 more beds, thus greatly relieving the congested condition. The section opened by the board was that part of the hospital which had been reserved for returned soldiers. It would have been opened before had a staff been available.”1

1 “No Abatement in Epidemic Say Doctors : Some Nurses Came From Toronto Today to Fight Disease : Citizens Asked to Give Use of Autos, and Blood to Make Serum ”

Hamilton Herald.    November 28, 1918.

That the eight week battle with influenza had exhausted officials with the Board of Health was shown by their impatience with, and physically forcible removal of a flu victim from his home:

“In some manner a serious case was brought to the attention of the M.H.O. last evening when it was reported that the members of a north end family were seriously ill. Inspector Shain investigated the case and found a man and woman in a house. The man was sick in bed with a temperature of 102 3-5 degrees, and his wife did not think it necessary to have medical attendance. She was advised that it was necessary to have the patient taken to the hospital, but the answer was if he was going to die, she preferred to have him die at home instead of in a hospital. Some time later, Dr. Roberts and the inspector went to the home and forcibly removed the patient to a hospital where he could secure the proper attention.”1

Making matters for medical personnel within the City of Hamilton city limits was the situation in the adjacent Barton township :

“Considerable difficulty is being experienced by the fact that Barton township health officials have not taken steps towards meeting or combating the epidemic. The township is making application, medical assistance is being called from the city, and greatly increasing the amount of work that the local doctors have to handle.”1

A very familiar sound throughout Hamilton in late November, 1918, was the sound of patients being driven to one of the hospitals:

“The ‘flu’ ambulances are working almost night and day. It was after 2 o’clock this morning that the last trips were completed and yesterday called ‘a day.’ ” 1

          The epidemic had being going on so long that the enthusiasm displayed by citizens offering to use their own autos to deliver nurses and meals to stricken Hamiltonians directly to homes:   

“The health officials are severely handicapped by the lack of automobiles which were formerly volunteered by public-spirited citizens who now, it would appear, have become weary in well-doing. The health department issued a special appeal this morning for automobiles, pointing out that the Sisters of Service, whom the cars are engaged in conveying to the homes the stricken by the influenza, are themselves taking no rest, and never think of quitting.”2

2 “ No Abatement in Influenza is the Report : Doctors too Busy to Report the Cases : Ambulances Busy Until  in the Morning : Many Nurses Arriving From Outside Points.”

Hamilton Spectator.     November 28, 1918

The newly-formed Bureau of Information set up in the Hamilton City Hall was extremely active, not only receiving a steady stream of telephone calls from doctors reporting new cases and fatalities, but also fielding queries from doctors as to whether, and where, hospital accommodation could be obtained for their patients and maybe other matters. C.W. Kirkpatrick volunteered as publicist working with the Bureau to provide information on the epidemic to the public in some cases, and to the Hamilton physicians in other matters:

 “The following letter was sent out today to the members of the medical profession by the secretary of the publicity committee :

“Dear Doctor, - an information bureau has been established in the city hall, under the joint auspices of the health department and medical profession for the purpose of receiving and furnishing information in connection with the influenza epidemic. Through this bureau you will be able to obtain, day or night, information regarding : Nurses available, S.O.S. work and workers, hospital accommodation available and ambulance calls.

“You merely have to call the bureau phone R. 328, and those in charge will attend to the securing of such assistance as you may require for patients, providing it is obtainable.

“Every morning the bureau will telephone your office. You are asked to co-operate by having ready and giving over the phone a list of all new influenza and pneumonia cases that came under your notice during the preceding 24 hours (from 9 a.m. to 9 a.m.), giving names and addresses of patients. This, however, must not interfere with your reporting cases in the regular way on the legal forms to the health department.

“You can also assist in the work of the bureau by reporting by mail back cases, not previously reported to the health department as soon as possible, but do not confuse these with the daily reports to be given over the telephone.

“The bureau was organized and is being maintained, largely for the benefit of the medical profession and we earnestly ask for your co-operation.”

Further publicity went out on the same day, directed to members of the public :



“The publicity committee of the Health association and the Hamilton Medical association today issued the following statement in connection with the influenza epidemic :

‘The mistaken impression prevails that Spanish influenza runs its course in about six weeks’ time, and that the danger was over in Hamilton a couple of weeks ago when the ban was lifted. That is not the case. Periodic ‘explosions’ or ‘outbreaks’ are to be expected. In Glasgow, Scotland, six months after the first outbreak, the toll of the disease was 500 one week, and something over 700 the following week.

“In Hamilton, after two months of strenuous effort on the part of the health authorities, doctors, professional nurses and S.O.S. workers, the disease is as high as it ever was.

“Only the individual co-operation of everyone with the authorities will suffice to stamp out the ‘flu’. All should assist by giving heed to the suggestions and advice issued gratuitously by the health authorities and medical men.”2






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