Friday, 13 September 2019

Theater Closure Protest October 1918


It was not just the churches in Hamilton that were closed by the Hamilton Board of Health, that same piece of legislation also ordered doors of Hamilton’s many theaters shut tight. The Spanish Influenza epidemic was spreading exponentially in mid-October.

In response, Hamilton Medical Health Officer, backed by members of the Hamilton Board of Health, ordered closing of places where the influenza might logically be expected to be spread indiscriminately.

While many other communities, including Toronto, did not go so far as closing movie and vaudeville theaters because of the epidemic, Hamilton’s theaters were ordered to close. Ambrose J. Small, owner of Hamilton’s Grand Opera, was also president of the Canadian Theater Managers’ Association, and in the latter capacity, he wrote the following letter of protest, calling the theater ban in Hamilton unjust and unwise:

 “Editor Herald, - In connection with the temporary embargo which has been placed on the Grand Opera house and the other theaters of the city of Hamilton, I respectfully submit that all citizens in your community should be treated alike and no distinction made as between places of amusement and any other place of business or quarter of the city where the public are wont to congregate or assemble for any purpose whatsoever, as no logic or reason can be found in endeavoring to abate the epidemic in one place if it is to be encouraged in any other. The Grand and the other principal theaters of your city are thoroughly well-ventilated and infinitely less dangerous to the general public than departmental stores, market places, office buildings, elevators and street cars that are jammed to the point of suffocation during rush hours.

“I fully appreciate the sincerity which undoubtedly moved the board of health to take the action in question, but nevertheless feel that they cannot be fully aware of the very serious consequences to the managers of the theaters and those in their employ, and to the members of the various companies booked for engagements at Hamilton in the immediate future. The business has been brought to a complete standstill, all employees are thrown out of work, and the incoming attractions are forced to lay off and lose every dollar expended on salaries to their performers, customs duties on their scenic productions and advertising material that had to be paid before they could enter Canada at all, together with the hundred and one other items of expensive incidental to the transportation and movement of theatrical companies from point to point in the province of Ontario.

“It is, unfortunately, a fact that those employed in the theatrical calling, are not, as a class, saving people, and I can assure you that in the case of theater employees in Hamilton, the loss of income due to your closing order is going to be an exceedingly serious matter in very many cases. I am informed that several have already expressed themselves to the effect that they will be forced to go to other cities in search of work, and the disruption of the local theatrical business that will certainly follow, unless the order is very soon rescinded, will mean a financial loss to both managers and employees which it will be quite possible to estimate.

“I would not press this seemingly selfish point of view if I was not thoroughly convinced that the opinion of the chief officer of the Ontario provincial board of health, Dr. J. W. S. McCullough, who expressed himself as not considering the closing of such places as theaters necessary, is founded upon sound judgment. I respectfully refer you to Dr. McCullough’s published statement in the Toronto Mail and Empire of Tuesday, October 8, in column three on page five, and I also quote you the following from an editorial in the Toronto Daily News of Saturday, Oct. 12 : ‘We do not believe that the range or severity of the influenza epidemic is sufficient to justify the closing of either the schools or other places of public resort. Those who are suffering from the disease are at home. Why compel thousands of young people to expose themselves unnecessarily to infection by remaining in close touch with the patients?’

“If thought desirable by the board of health, the management of the Grand Opera House would be altogether willing, as a matter of more abundant caution, to fumigate the theater under the direction of the board, at such intervals as they might think proper. By keeping the theaters open, well-heated places of amusement are furnished to hundreds of people who otherwise will be forced to spend their time in lodgings and other places where they will be much more liable to contract colds and influenza than they would in the comfortable surroundings of the theater. Those who attend theaters are very rarely face to face, and the danger of infection is by no means as great as in places where large numbers of people are meeting face to face. The long, continued wet weather appears to be over, and with it, we may reasonably expect better health conditions.

“In conclusion, the theatrical season is a very limited one, not more than nine months of the year at most, and the earlier portion of it (September, October and November) are the only months in which the managers of theaters are at least fairly sure of some profit and a reasonable rate of interest on their investments. After that period, the Christmas shopping season begins in earnest to the great detriment of the business in theaters, the three weeks immediately preceding the holidays being invariably the dullest of the entire year; and once the Christmas and New Year festivities are over, it is but a short space of time until the Lenten season is ushered in, and with its advent, the theater is always due another protracted period of depression.

“I sincerely trust that your board of health will see their way clear to rescind the closing order and respectfully submit that in many parts of the United States, where the type of influenza is much more aggravated than in Canada, all theaters have been allowed to remain open, with only this restriction : that the members of the audiences are warned that they must use their pocket handkerchiefs  when sneezing or coughing, under a penalty of ejection from the theater.

                                                Yours very truly,

                                                          AMBROSE J. SMALL,

                                           Canadian Theater Managers’ Association.

Tuesday, October 21, 19181



1“Letters to the Editor : Closing of Theatres”

Herald.    October 23, 1918

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