1914-11-12ao

“That the authorities whose duty it is to guard Canada against hostile acts of alien enemies, are taking no chances, notwithstanding the fact that alarmist rumors which have circulated frequently have been dismissed lightly, is evident from the action that was taken here today.”

Hamilton Spectator.   November 03, 1914.

For many weeks, since the outbreak of war in August, 1914, there had been concerns that German agents were operating in Canada, preparing to sabotage important parts of the country’s infrastructure.

Finally, on November 12, 1914, following an order from the Hon. Sam Hughes, minister of militia, a meeting was held, involving the leaders of Hamilton’s two militia units, the Thirteenth Royal Regiment and the 91^st Highlanders, with Hamilton Mayor John Allan and Hamilton Police Chief Smith:

“(They) arranged for the placing of armed guards at various points in the city where enemies might do damage. Soldiers from the local militia will be used. The number that will be employed and the places they will guard will be kept secret.”¹

¹ “Local Units Will Furnish Armed Guards : Action Taken on Instructions From Ottawa”

Hamilton Spectator.  November 12, 1914.

In an interview with the Hamilton Spectator, Mayor Allan said “This action was not taken in anticipation of any urgent, immediate need of such additional protection, but prevention is better than cure, and for that reason it has been deemed best to place the guards as suggested”¹

          The day after it was announced that guards were to put in place at various locations, including the reservoirs, bridges, and pump houses, it was announced that the armed guards had been given full authority to do what they deemed necessary to fulfill their assignment:

“”The men were impressed, before starting out, with the fact that they were  on active service, and assigned to serious business. No interfering is to be permitted on the part of civilians, and members of the guard are prohibited  from touching intoxicating liquors.

          “The object of these guards is to prevent malicious damage and under special order from the militia department, the guards are instructed to fire upon anyone caught in such an act. The order specifically states that the guards shall ‘fire at the offenders, not over their heads.’ ”²

                ² “Shoot to Hit is Order to Local Guard : Armed Men Acting Under Explicit Instructions”

          Hamilton Spectator.  November 13, 1914.

          As part of the arrangements for protecting key locations in Hamilton, proper accommodation was made available for the guards at their stations. The guardhouses were for comfort and shelter, as well as a place where meals, supplied by their units, could be eaten without leaving the location.

          Each soldier stationed at any point was expected  to complete a twenty hour term of duty, with brief relief provided at  stated intervals.